A servant to the Grand Vizier.

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A Spahi, member of the cavalry.

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High-ranking officials of the Ottoman empire.

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Janissary in ceremonial costume (left). Janissary in everyday costume (right).

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Ottoman soldier in early 19th century costume.

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Lower-ranking officer of the Janissary corps.

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A Kapıcı, servant in the Sultan's palace.

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Reis Efendi, minister of the Exterior.

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The Gaul army under Brennus is defeated by the Aetolians, Thessalians and Malians (280 BCE).

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A scene from Marcian's military campaign. The eagle is a symbol of the emperor's coronation (Marcian was the first Byzantine emperor to be crowned by the Patriarch) and of the Orthodox believers's victory over Monophysitism (Council of Chalcedon).

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Frontispiece. The Sultan with a numerous suite of officials and soldiers at Istanbul.

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Portrait of Sultan Mehmed IV the Hunter.

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A servant to the Sultan. The turban-bearer to the Sultan (Dulbendar Aga).

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The sword-bearer to the Sultan (Silahdar Aga). The water-bearer to the Sultan (Ibriktar Ağa).

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Dwarves of the Ottoman court. Mutes of the Ottoman court.

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Kizlar Agasi, head of the black eunuchs of the imperial harem.

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Acam-oglan, young Christian recruited through the devsirme, servant to the Sultan. A Helvaci, pastry confectioner of the imperial palace. A messenger of the Sultan.

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Bostanci Bashi, head gardener and executioner of the imperial court.

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The Grand Vizier.

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Emir descended from Prophet Muhammad. Emirs were distinguished from other Ottomans by their green turban.

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Deli, member of the Grand Vizier's guard. Chavus Bashi, head usher of the Divan.

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A Spahi.

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Janissary. Head of the Janissary corps (Aga of the Janissaries).

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Guards to the Sultan.

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Portrait of Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena.

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Coat of arms of the Duke of Modena.

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Ottoman archer.

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The Aga of the Janissaries.

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Ottoman soldier.

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Spahi, member of the cavalry.

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